kṛśa mf(ā)n. (Pāṇ. viii, 2, 55) lean, emaciated, thin, spare, weak, feeble, RV.; AV. &c.

small, little, minute, insignificant, Mn.; MBh.; R.; Mṛcch. &c.

‘poor’, see kṛśī-kṛta

kṛśa (as), m. a kind of fish, Gal.

a kind of bird, Inscr.

1. kṛ Ved. I) cl. 2. P. 2. sg. karṣi du. kṛthas pl. kṛtha; Ā. 2. sg. kṛṣe; impf. 2. and 3. sg. akar, 3. sg. rarely akat (ŚBr. iii, xi) ; 3. du. akartām; pl. akarma, akarta (also, BhP. ix), akran (aor., according to Pāṇ. iv, 2, 80, Kāś.); Ā. akri (RV. x, 159, 4 and 174, 4), akṛthās (RV. v, 30, 8), akṛta (RV.); akrātām (ŚāṅkhŚr.), akrata (RV.; AV.) : Impv. kṛdhi (also, MBh. i, 5141 and BhP. viii), kṛtam, kṛta; Ā. kṛṣva, kṛdhvam; Subj. 2. and 3. sg. kar pl. karma, karta and kartana, kran; Ā. 3. sg. kṛta (RV. ix, 69, 5), 3. pl. kranta (RV. i, 141, 3) : Pot. kriyāma (RV. x, 32, 9); pr. p. P. (nom. pl.) krantas Ā. krāṇa. II) cl. 1. P. karasi, karati, karathas, karatas, karanti; Ā. karase, karate, karāmahe: impf. akaram, akaras, akarat (aor., according to Pāṇ. iii, 1, 59) : Impv. kara, karatam, karatām: Subj. karam, karāṇi, karas, karat, karāma, karan; Ā. karāmahai; pr. p. f. karantī (Naigh.) III) cl. 5. P. kṛṇomi, ˚ṇoṣi, ˚ṇoti, kṛṇuthas, kṛṇmas and kṛṇmasi, kṛṇutha, kṛṇvanti; Ā. kṛṇve, kṛṇuṣe, kṛṇute, 3. du. kṛṇvaite (RV. vi, 25, 4); pl. kṛṇmahe, kṛṇvate: impf. akṛṇos, akṛṇot, akṛṇutam, akṛṇuta and ˚ṇotana (RV. i, 110, 8), akṛṇvan; Ā. 3. sg. akṛṇuta pl. akṛṇudhvam, akṛṇvata: Impv. kṛṇu or kṛṇuhi or kṛṇutāt, kṛṇotu, kṛṇutam, kṛṇutām, 2. pl. kṛṇuta or kṛṇota or kṛṇotana, 3. pl. kṛṇvantu; Ā. kṛṇuṣva, kṛṇutām, kṛṇvāthām, kṛṇudhvam: Subj. kṛṇavas, ˚ṇavat or ˚ṇavāt, kṛṇavāva, ˚ṇavāma, ˚ṇavātha, ˚ṇavatha, ˚ṇavan; Ā. kṛṇavai (once ˚ṇavā, RV. x, 95, 2), kṛṇavase (also, ŚvetUp. ii, 7 v.l. ˚ṇvase), kṛṇavate, kṛṇavāvahai, kṛṇavāmahai, 3. pl. kṛṇavanta (RV.) or kṛṇavante or kṛṇvata (RV.) : Pot. Ā. kṛṇvīta; pr. p. P. kṛṇvat (f. ˚vatī) Ā. kṛṇvāṇa. IV) cl. 8. (this is the usual formation in the Brāhmaṇas; Sūtras, and in classical Sanskṛt) P. karomi (ep. kurmi, MBh. iii, 10943; R. ii, 12, 33); kurvas, kuruthas, kurutas, kurmas [kulmas in an interpolation after, RV. x, 128], kurutha, kurvanti; Ā. kurve, &c., 3. pl. kurvate (Pāṇ. vi, 4, 108-110) : impf. akaravam, akaros, akarot, akurva, &c.; Ā. 3. sg. akuruta pl. akurvata: Impv. kuru, karotu (in the earlier language 2. and 3. sg. kurutāt, 3. sg. also, BhP. vi, 4, 34), kuruta or kurutana (Nir. iv, 7); Ā. kuruṣva, kurudhvam, kurvatām: Subj. karavāṇi, karavas, ˚vāt, ˚vāva or ˚vāvas (Pāṇ. iii, 4, 98, Kāś.), ˚vāma or ˚vāmas (ib.), ˚vātha, ˚van; Ā. karavai, kuruthās, karavāvahai (TUp.; ˚he, MBh. iii, 10762), karavaithe, ˚vaite (Pāṇ. iii, 4, 95, Kāś.), ˚vāmahai (˚he, MBh.; R. i, 18, 12) : Pot. P. kuryām Ā. kurvīya (Pāṇ. vi, 4, 109 and 110); pr. p. P. kurvat (f. ˚vatī); Ā. kurvāṇa: perf. P. cakāra, cakartha, cakṛva, cakṛma, cakra (Pāṇ. vii, 2, 13); Ā. cakre, cakrire; p. cakṛvas (acc. cakruṣam, RV. x, 137, 1); Ā. cakrāṇa (Vop.) : 2nd fut. kariṣyati; Subj. 2. sg. kariṣyās (RV. iv, 30, 23); 1st fut. kartā: Prec. kriyāsam: aor. P. Ved. cakaram (RV. iv, 42, 6), acakrat (RV. iv, 18, 12), acakriran (RV. viii, 6, 20); Ā. 1. sg. kṛṣe (RV. x, 49, 7); Class. akārṣīt (Pāṇ. vii, 2, 1, Kāś.; once akāraṣīt, BhP. i, 10, 1); Pass. aor. reflex. akāri and akṛta (Pāṇ. iii, 1, 62, Kāś.) : Inf. kartum, Ved. kartave, kartavai, kartos (see ss.vv.); ind.p. kṛtvā, Ved. kṛtvī [RV.] and kṛtvāya [TS. iv, v]; to do, make, perform, accomplish, cause, effect, prepare, undertake, RV. &c.; to do anything for the advantage or injury of another (gen. or loc.), MBh.; R. &c.; to execute, carry out (as an order or command), ib.; to manufacture, prepare, work at, elaborate, build, ib.; to form or construct one thing out of another (abl. or instr.), R. i, 2, 44; Hit. &c.; to employ, use, make use of (instr.), ŚvetUp.; Mn. x, 91; MBh. &c.; to compose, describe, R. i; to cultivate, Yājñ. ii, 158 (cf. Mn. x, 114); to accomplish any period, bring to completion, spend (e.g. varṣāṇi daśa cakruḥ, ‘they spent ten years’, MBh. xv, 6; kṣaṇaṃ kuru, ‘wait a moment’, MBh.; cf. kṛtakṣaṇa); to place, put, lay, bring, lead, take hold of (acc. or loc. or instr., e.g. ardhaṃ-√ kṛ, to take to one's own side or party, cause to share in (gen.; see 2. ardha); haste or pāṇau-√ kṛ, to take by the hand, marry, Pāṇ. i, 4, 77; hṛdayena-√ kṛ, to place in one's heart, love, Mṛcch.; hṛdi-√ kṛ, to take to heart, mind, think over, consider, Rājat. v, 313; manasi-√ kṛ id., R. ii, 64, 8; Hcar.; to determine, purpose [ind.p. ˚si-kṛtvā or ˚si-kṛtya] Pāṇ. i, 4, 75; vaśe-√ kṛ, to place in subjection, become master of Mn. ii, 100); to direct the thoughts, mind, &c. (manas [RV.; Mn.; MBh. &c.] or buddhim [Nal. xxvi, 10] or matim [MBh.; R.] or bhāvam [ib.], &c.) towards any object, turn the attention to, resolve upon, determine on (loc. dat. inf., or a sentence with iti, e.g. mā śoke manaḥ kṛthāḥ, do not turn your mind to grief, Nal. xiv, 22 ; gamanāya matiṃ cakre, he resolved upon going, R. i, 9, 55; alābuṃ samutsraṣṭuṃ manaś cakre, he resolved to create a gourd, MBh. iii, 8844; draṣṭā tavāsmīti matiṃ cakāra, he determined to see him, MBh. iii, 12335); to think of (acc.), R. i, 21, 14; to make, render (with two acc., e.g. ādityaṃ kāṣṭhām akurvata, they made the sun their goal, AitBr. iv, 7), RV.; ŚBr. &c.; to procure for another, bestow, grant (with gen. or loc.), RV.; VS.; ŚBr. &c.; Ā. to procure for one's self, appropriate, assume, ŚBr.; BṛĀrUp.; Mn. vii, 10 &c.; to give aid, help any one to get anything (dat.), RV.; VS.; to make liable to (dat.), RV. iii, 41, 6; ŚBr. iv; to injure, violate (e.g. kanyāṃ-√ kṛ, to violate a maiden), Mn. viii, 367 and 369; to appoint, institute, ChUp.; Mn.; to give an order, commission, Mn.; R. ii, 2, 8; to cause to get rid of, free from (abl. or -tas), Pāṇ. v, 4, 49, Kāś.; to begin (e.g. cakre śobhayitum purīm, they began to adorn the city), R. ii, 6, 10; to proceed, act, put in practice, VS.; ŚBr.; AitBr. &c.; to worship, sacrifice, RV.; ŚBr.; Mn. iii, 210; to make a sound (svaram or śabdam, MBh. iii, 11718; Pāṇ. iv, 4, 34; Hit.), utter, pronounce (often ifc. with the sounds phaṭ, phut, bhāṇ, vaṣaṭ, svadhā, svāhā, hiṃ), pronounce any formula (Mn. ii, 74 and xi, 33); (with numeral adverbs ending in dhā) to divide, separate or break up into parts (e.g. dvidhā-√ kṛ, to divide into two parts, ind.p. dvidhā kṛtvā or dvidhā-kṛtya or -kāram, Pāṇ. iii, 4, 62; sahasradhā-√ kṛ, to break into a thousand pieces); (with adverbs ending in vat) to make like or similar, consider equivalent (e.g. rājyaṃ tṛṇa-vat kṛtvā, valuing the kingdom like a straw, Vet.); (with adverbs ending in sāt) to reduce anything to, cause to become, make subject (see ātma-sāt, bhasma-sāt), Pāṇ. v, 4, 52 ff. The above senses of √ kṛ may be variously modified or almost infinitely extended according to the noun with which this root is connected, as in the following examples: sakhyaṃ-√ kṛ, to contract friendship with; pūjāṃ-√ kṛ, to honour; rājyaṃ-√ kṛ, to reign; snehaṃ-√ kṛ, to show affection; ājñāṃ or nideśaṃ or śāsanaṃ or kāmaṃ or yācanāṃ or vacaḥ or vacanaṃ or vākyaṃ-√ kṛ, to perform any one's command or wish or request &c.; dharmaṃ-√ kṛ, to do one's duty, Mn. vii, 136; nakhāni-√ kṛ, ‘to clean one's nails’, see kṛta-nakha; udakaṃ [Mn.; Yājñ.; R.; Daś.] or salilaṃ [R. i, 44, 49] √ kṛ, to offer a libation of water to the dead; to perform ablutions; astrāṇi-√ kṛ, to practise the use of weapons, MBh. iii, 11824; darduraṃ-√ kṛ, to breathe the flute, Pāṇ. iv, 4, 34; daṇḍaṃ-√ kṛ, to inflict punishment &c., Vet.; kālaṃ-√ kṛ, to bring one's time to an end i.e. to die; ciraṃ-√ kṛ, to be long in doing anything, delay; manasā (for ˚si See above) √ kṛ, to place in one's mind, think of, meditate, MBh.; śirasā-√ kṛ, to place on the head; mūrdhnā-√ kṛ, to place on one's head, obey, honour. Very rarely in Veda (AV. xviii, 2, 27), but commonly in the Brāhmaṇas, Sūtras, and especially in classical Sanskṛt the perf. forms cakāra and cakre auxiliarily used to form the periphrastical perfect of verbs, especially of causatives, e.g. āsāṃ cakre, ‘he sat down’; gamayāṃ cakāra, ‘he caused to go’ [see, Pāṇ. iii, 1, 40; in Veda some other forms of √ kṛ are used in a similar way, viz. pr. karoti, ŚāṅkhŚr.; impf. akar, MaitrS. & Kāṭh.; 3. pl. akran, MaitrS. & TBr.; Prec. kriyāt, MaitrS. (see Pāṇ. iii, 1, 42); according to Pāṇ. iii, 1, 41, also karotu with √ vid]. Caus. kārayati, ˚te, to cause to act or do, cause another to perform, have anything made or done by another (double acc., instr. and acc. [see Pāṇ. i, 4, 53], e.g. sabhāṃ kāritavān, he caused an assembly to be made, Hit.; rāja-darśanaṃ māṃ kāraya, cause me to have an audience of the king; vāṇijyaṃ kārayed vaiśyam, he ought to cause the Vaiśya to engage in trade, Mn. viii, 410; na śakṣyāmi kiṃcit kārayituṃ tvayā, I shall not be able to have anything done by thee, MBh. ii, 6); to cause to manufacture or form or cultivate, Lāṭy.; Yājñ. ii, 158; MBh. &c.; to cause to place or put, have anything placed, put upon, &c. (e.g. taṃ citrapaṭaṃ vāsa-gṛhe bhittāv akārayat, he had the picture placed on the wall in his house, Kathās. v, 30), Mn. viii, 251. Sometimes the Caus. of √ kṛ is used for the simple verb or without a causal signification (e.g. padaṃ kārayati, he pronounces a word, Pāṇ. i, 3, 71, Kāś. ; mithyā k˚, he pronounces wrongly, ib.; kaikeyīm anu rājānaṃ kāraya, treat or deal with Kaikeyī as the king does, R. ii, 58, 16) : Desid. cikīrṣati (aor. 2. sg. acikīrṣīs, ŚBr. iii), ep. also ˚te, to wish to make or do, intend to do, design, intend, begin, strive after, AV. xii, 4, 19; ŚBr.; KātyŚr.; Mn. &c.; to wish to sacrifice or worship, AV. v, 8, 3 : Intens. 3. pl. karikrati (pr. p. karikrat See Naigh. ii, 1 and Pāṇ. vii, 4, 65), to do repeatedly, RV.; AV.; TS.; Class. carkarti or carikarti or carīkarti [Pāṇ. vii, 4, 92, Kāś.], also carkarīti or carikarīti or carīkarīti or cekrīyate [ib., Sch.; Vop.];

kṛ [cf. Hib. caraim, ‘I perform, execute’; ceard, ‘an art, trade, business, function’; sucridh, ‘easy’; Old Germ. karawan, ‘to prepare’; Mod. Germ. gar, ‘prepared (as food)’; Lat. creo, ceremonia; κραίνω, κρόνος.]