Note: the Hindi and Sanskrit paths disagree here — the Sanskrit dictionary reading is negative (“anger”) while the Hindi reading is not. Both are shown below; read them together before choosing.
As a deity name
Name 10 of the Durga Sahasranāma — Kula Arnava Tantra / Skanda Purana, as taught by Lord Shiva to Goddess Parvati
Name 1000 of the Gayatri Sahasranāma — Devi Bhagavata Purana, as taught by Sages
Name 569 of the Hanuman Sahasranāma — Rasvin Samhita / Brahmanda Purana, as taught by Lord Ram / Sages
Name 361 of the Lakshmi Sahasranāma — Skanda Purana / Sanat Kumara Samhita, as taught by Sages Sanatkumara and Devotees
As a Hindi name
Note: the Hindi and Sanskrit paths disagree here — the Sanskrit dictionary reading is negative (“anger”) while the Hindi reading is not. Both are shown below; read them together before choosing.
क्षमा · noun · feminine
चित्त की एक प्रकार की वृत्ति जिसस े मनुष्य दूसरे द्वार पहुँचाए हुए कष्ट को चुपचाप सह लेता है और उसके प्रतिकार या दंड की इच्छा नहीं करता । यह वृत्ति तितिक्षा के अंतर्गत मानी गई है । क्षांति · सहिष्णुता । सहनशीलता · खैर का पेड़ — Śabdasāgara
क्षमा · kshamā · s.f.
Patience, forbearance, indulgence; forgiveness, pardon, absolution, dispensation — Platts (1884), digital edition courtesy DSAL, University of Chicago, p. 837
क्षमा · feminine
a female given name, Kshama, from Sanskrit
क्षमा · feminine
a pardon, forgiveness
Cited formation "क्षमा" is क्षम + -आ: क्षम means "Patient, enduring, suffering, submissive", and the suffix -आ forms abstract, agent, action or instrumental nouns (masc.); also past participles. CHD Basic Grammar App. I §8(3) — cited from the extracted rule table — base gloss: Platts (1884), digital edition courtesy DSAL, University of Chicago
Cited formation "क्षमा" is क्षमना + -आ: क्षमना means "To bear patiently, to endure", and the suffix -आ forms abstract, agent, action or instrumental nouns (masc.); also past participles. CHD Basic Grammar App. I §8(3) — cited from the extracted rule table — base gloss: Platts (1884), digital edition courtesy DSAL, University of Chicago
a Hindi word, a tatsama: the Sanskrit word borrowed unchanged into Hindi क्षमा — per Wiktionary’s etymology record
“Learned borrowing from Sanskrit क्षमा (kṣamā). Doublet of छमा (chamā).” — per Wiktionary’s etymology record
kṣamā (ā), f. patience, forbearance, indulgence (one of the sāmānya-dharmās i.e. an obligation to all castes, Viṣṇ.), Mn.; MBh. &c.
kṣamāṃ √ kṛ, to be indulgent to, have patience or bear with (prati, MBh. iii, 1027; or gen., Śāntiś.)
As a Sanskrit word
Meaning
patience, forbearance, indulgence (one of the sāmānya-dharmās i.e. an obligation to all castes, ), &c.
Scripturally attested Verified derivationMultiple readings (3)Why this matches what you typed
M1 · same meaning "kṣamā" is the instrumental of "kṣam" — the same word in a different grammatical case.
M1 · same meaning "kṣamā" is the feminine form of "kṣama" — the same word with the feminine ending (nominative).
Related forms
Dictionary citations
kṣamā (ā), f. patience, forbearance, indulgence (one of the sāmānya-dharmās i.e. an obligation to all castes, Viṣṇ.), Mn.; MBh. &c.
kṣamāṃ √ kṛ, to be indulgent to, have patience or bear with (prati, MBh. iii, 1027; or gen., Śāntiś.)
‘Patience’ (personified as a daughter of Dakṣa and wife of Pulaha, VP.), Hariv. 14035; Prab.
tameness (as of an antelope), R. iii, 49, 25
resistance, Pāṇ. i, 3, 33, Sch.
1. kṣam cl. 1. Ā. kṣamate (ep. also P. ˚ti; Ved. cl. 2. P. kṣamiti, Pāṇ. vii, 2, 34; cl. 4. P. kṣāmyati [cf. Impv. Ā. 3. sg. kṣamyatām, BhP. vi, 3, 30] Pāṇ. vii, 3, 74; perf. cakṣame, MBh. &c., 3. pl. ˚mire, ŚBr.; 1. du. cakṣaṇvahe & 1. pl. ˚ṇmahe, Pāṇ. viii, 2, 65, Sch.; fut. 2nd kṣaṃsyate, ˚ti, kṣamiṣyati; aor. 2. sg. akṣaṃsthās, Bhaṭṭ.; inf. kṣantum, MBh. &c.), to be patient or composed, suppress anger, keep quiet, RV. x, 104, 6; MBh.; R. &c.; to submit to (dat.), ŚBr. iii; iv; to bear patiently, endure, put up with (acc.), suffer, MBh.; R.; Ragh.; to pardon, forgive anything (acc.) to (gen. or dat.), MBh.; R. &c. (e.g. kṣamasva me tad, forgive me that, Ragh. xiv, 58); to allow, permit, suffer, Sāh. (Kuval.); (with Pot.), Daś.; to bear any one, be indulgent to, MBh. iii, 13051; R. iv, 27, 22; VarBṛS.; Pañcat. (Pass.), Hit.; to resist, Pāṇ. i, 3, 33, Sch.; to be able to do anything (inf.), Śiś. i, 38 and ix, 65; to seem good, Divyāv. iv : Caus. P. Ā. kṣamayati, kṣāmayate, to ask any one (acc.) pardon for anything (acc.), MBh.; Bhag.; Pañcat.; (perf. kṣamayām āsa) to suffer or bear patiently, R. v, 49, 11 (cf. kṣamāpaya);
kṣam [cf. Goth. hramja (?) Angl.Sax. hremman, ‘to hinder, disquiet’.]
kṣama mf(ā)n. (g. pacādi) patient (said of the earth, perhaps with reference to 2. kṣam), AV. xii, 1, 29
ifc. (Pāṇ. iii, 2, 1, Vārtt. 8) enduring, suffering, bearing, submissive, resisting, MBh.; Śak.; Kum. v, 40
Alternative readings
More than one analysis survives full verification. That ambiguity is real, so we show every reading rather than pick one silently.
Caveats
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