puruṣaḥ [puri dehe śete śī-ḍa pṛṣo˚ Tv.; pur-agragamane kuṣan Uṇ. 4. 74] 1 A male being, man; arthataḥ puruṣo nārī yā nārī sārthataḥ pumān Mk. 3. 27; Ms. 1. 32; 7. 17; 9. 2; R. 2. 41. 2 Men, mankind. 3 A member or representative of a generation. 4 An officer, functionary, agent, attendant, servant. 5 The height or measure of a man (considered as a measure of length); dvau puruṣau pramāṇamasyāḥ sā dvipuruṣā-ṣī parikhā Sk. 6 The soul; dvāvimau puruṣau loke kṣaraścākṣara eva ca Bg. 15. 16 &c. 7 The Supreme Being, God (soul of the universe); Śi. 1. 33; R. 13. 6. 8 A person (in grammar); prathamapuruṣaḥ the third person, madhyamapuruṣaḥ the second person, and uttamapuruṣaḥ the first person, (this is the strict order in Sk.). 9 The pupil of the eye. 10 (In Sān. phil.) The soul (opp. prakṛti); according to the Sāṃkhyas it is neither a production nor productive; it is passive and a looker-on of the Prakṛti; cf. Ku. 2. 13 and the word sāṃkhya also. 11 The soul, the original source of the universe (described in the puruṣasūkta); sahasraśīrṣaḥ puruṣaḥ sahasrākṣaḥ sahasrapāt &c. 12 The Punnāga tree. 13 N. of the first, third, fifth, seventh, ninth, and eleventh signs of the zodiac. 14 The seven divine or active principles of which the universe was formed. — ṣī A woman. — ṣaṃ An epithet of the mountain Meru. Comp. — aṃgaṃ the male organ of generation. — adaḥ, -ad m. ‘a maneater’, cannibal, goblin. — adhamaḥ the vilest of men, a very low or (pb) despicable man. — adhikāraḥ 1 a manly office or duty. 2 calculation or estimation of men; Ki. 3. 51. — aṃtaraṃ another man. — ayaṇaḥ -arthaḥ 1 any one of the four principal objects of human life; i. e. dharma, artha, kāma and mokṣa. 2 human effort or exertion (puruṣakāra); H. Pr. 35. — asthimālin m. an epithet of Śiva. — ādyaḥ 1 an epithet of Viṣṇu. 2 a demon. — āyuṣaṃ, -āyus n. the duration of a man's life; akṛpaṇamatiḥ kāmaṃ jīvyājjanaḥ puruṣa yuṣaṃ Ve. 6. 44; puruṣāyuṣajīvinyo nirātaṃkā nirītayaḥ R. 1. 63. — āśin m. ‘a man-eater’, a demon, goblin. — iṃdraḥ a king. — uttamaḥ 1 an excellent man. 2 the highest or Supreme Being, an epithet of Viṣṇu or Kṛṣṇa; yasmāt kṣaramatīto'hamakṣarādapi cottamaḥ . ato'smi loke vede ca prathitaḥ puruṣottamaḥ .. Bg. 15. 18. 3 a best attendant. 4 a Jaina. 5 N. of a district in Orissa sacred to Viṣṇu. — kāraḥ 1 human effort or exertion, manly act, manliness, prowess (opp. daiva); evaṃ puruṣakāreṇa vinā daivaṃ na sidhyati H. Pr. 32; daive puruṣakāre ca karmasiddhirvyavasthitā Y. 1. 349; cf. “god helps those who help themselves”; Pt. 5. 30; Ki. 5. 52. 2 manhood, virility. — kuṇapaḥ — paṃ a human corpse. — kesārin m. man-lion’, an epithet of Viṣṇu in his fourth incarnation; puruṣakesariṇaśca purā nakhaiḥ Ś. 7. 3. — jñānaṃ knowledge of mankind. — dadhna, -dvayas a. of the height of a man. — dviṣ m. an enemy of Viṣṇu. — dveṣiṇī an ill-tempered woman (who hates her husband). — nāyaḥ 1 a general, commander. 2 a king. — niyamaḥ (in gram.) a restriction to a person, — paśuḥ a beast of a man, brutish person; cf. narapaśu. — puṃgavaḥ, -puṃḍarīkaḥ a superior or eminent man. — puraṃ N. of the capital of Gāndhāra, q. v. — bahumānaḥ the esteem of mankind; Bh. 3. 9. — medhaḥ a human sacrifice. — varaḥ an epithet of Viṣṇu. — vāhaḥ 1 an epithet of Garuḍa. 2 an epithet of Kubera. — vyāghraḥ, -śārdūlaḥ, — siṃhaḥ ‘a tiger or lion among men,’ a distinguished or eminent man. 2 a hero, brave man. — samavāyaḥ a number of men. — sūktaṃ N. of the 90th hymn of the 10th Maṇḍala (pb) of the Ṛgveda (regarded as a very sacred hymn).

puruṣa m. (mc. also pūr˚; prob. fr. √ pṝ and connected with puru, pūru ifc. f(ā). , rarely f(ī). ; cf. Pāṇ. iv, 1, 24) a man, male, human being (pl. people, mankind), RV. &c. &c.

a person, (pumān puruṣaḥ, a male person, ŚāṅkhGṛ.; Mn.; daṇḍaḥp˚, punishment personified, Mn.; esp. grammatical pers.; with prathama, madhyama, uttama = the 3rd, 2nd, 1st pers. Nir.; Pāṇ.), an officer, functionary, attendant, servant, Mn.; MBh. &c. (cf. tat-p˚)